Road to Freedom
Road to Freedom
by
Owen Picton
Written June 2023 under construction
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I grow up as a boy a few miles from where the three states Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri come together and about 45 miles South of the Iowa border. The town of Falls City, Nebraska was my home on hills overlooking the bottoms of the Nemaha River. Falls City was five miles north of the Kansas state line, about 17 miles North of Hiawatha, Brown County, Kansas and ten miles West of the Missouri state line, Rulo,Nebraska and the Missouri River.
We sometimes heard vague references to the Civil War and the Underground Railroad but no solid references or history about it being included in the area where I lived. It must have happen some place else was my feeling. As time went on, I read more stories and did more research. This is where I lived and this is what I found. People had to survive the environment, wars with each other and even slavery. Starting with the first written history of the area about 500 years ago, the area has become one of the most important places on earth for the fight for human rights. This fight for human rights has slowly worked its way towards freedoms we have today, in many steps and in many ways. It is where three states Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri come together plus Iowa as the map shown below, forming a large area including Southeast Nebraska, Northeast Kansas and Western part of Missouri plus North into Iowa.
Above Partial Area Map for Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri
Falls City Nebraska - 10 miles West from Missouri and 5 miles North from Kansas
Padonia Kansas - about 12 miles South from Falls City, about 5 miles North from Hiawatha Kansas
Rulo Nebraska - about 10 miles East from Falls City Nebraska, on Missouri River
Salem Nebraska - about 7 miles West of Falls City Nebraska
Hiawatha Kansas - about 17 miles South of Falls City Nebraska
Horton Kansas - about 14 miles South of Hiawatha Kansas
Sabetha Kansas - about 17 miles West of Hiawatha Kansas
White Cloud Kansas - on Missouri River and about 2 miles North to Nebraska border
Fortieth Parallel of Latitude - Nebraska and Kansas state line
Nebraska City, Nebraska - about 55 miles North of Falls City Nebraska
Iowa and Missouri State Line - about 45 North of Falls City Nebraska
Tabor Iowa - about 25 miles North of Nebraska City, Nebraska
St Joe (Saint Joseph) Missouri - about 41 East of Hiawatha Kansas
Kansas City Missouri and Kansas - about 55 South of St Joe Missouri
Lawrence Kansas - about 40 miles West of Kansas City or about 63 miles South of Horton Kansas
Stephen the Moor
Believed an African
Year 1536 - Stephen the Moor
Stephen (Estevanico) the Moor and three other individuals arrived in Mexico City half naked and were only 4 men out of 400 men to survive. Eight years earlier they were a group of 400 men who had landed in Florida. They had travailed from Florida to Mexico City. They were the first to discovered the Mississippi River, traveled up to parts of Kansas and Colorado and all the way down to Mexico City.
Coronado Exploration
Coronado Exploration
in 1541
in 1541
Search for the Land of Quivera.
Search for the Land of Quivera.
Year 1541 - 'Hail and Wind Storm'
Year 1541 - 'Hail and Wind Storm'
The Coronado Expedition was formed by a group of financial backers for the purposes of originally finding a trade route to East Asia for expensive items (get rich quick), but ended up trying to find the "Land of Quivera". How objectives can change! The expedition of 2,500 men and several thousand head of cattle was made up of three groups: Europeans, West Africans (who were mostly slaves and servants), and American Indians. Story of Estevanico ("Little Stephen"; c. 1500–1539) a slave. They encountered many experiences. Here is a description of a 'Hail and Wind Storm' in the year 1541 by Coronado in his search for the "Land of Quivera". This could just as easily have happen today. One had to survive the weather to live to have freedom. This bad weather hail storm event most likely happen in our three state Underground Railroad area of Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri:
The Coronado Expedition was formed by a group of financial backers for the purposes of originally finding a trade route to East Asia for expensive items (get rich quick), but ended up trying to find the "Land of Quivera". How objectives can change! The expedition of 2,500 men and several thousand head of cattle was made up of three groups: Europeans, West Africans (who were mostly slaves and servants), and American Indians. Story of Estevanico ("Little Stephen"; c. 1500–1539) a slave. They encountered many experiences. Here is a description of a 'Hail and Wind Storm' in the year 1541 by Coronado in his search for the "Land of Quivera". This could just as easily have happen today. One had to survive the weather to live to have freedom. This bad weather hail storm event most likely happen in our three state Underground Railroad area of Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri:
"One evening, there came up a terrible storm of wind and hail, which left in the camp hailstones so large as porringers and even larger. They fell thick as rain-drops, and in some spots the ground was covered with them to the depth of eight or ten inches. The storm caused, says one, many tears, weakness and vows. The horses broke their reins, some were even blown down the banks of the ravine, the tents were torn, and every dish in camp broken." In this case, our environment has not changed much in almost 500 years. Is it possible that such a storm could be a once in 500 year storm?
"One evening, there came up a terrible storm of wind and hail, which left in the camp hailstones so large as porringers and even larger. They fell thick as rain-drops, and in some spots the ground was covered with them to the depth of eight or ten inches. The storm caused, says one, many tears, weakness and vows. The horses broke their reins, some were even blown down the banks of the ravine, the tents were torn, and every dish in camp broken." In this case, our environment has not changed much in almost 500 years. Is it possible that such a storm could be a once in 500 year storm?
Could the Falls City, Richardson County, Nebraska and Hiawatha, Brown County, Kansas areas be where Coronado arrived at when searching for the land of Quivera? Where did Coronado visited in 1541 searching for the Land of Quivera? The description of the vegetation and land match Nebraska and Kansas state line, but no one knows where it was? This mythical land is reported to be the land of milk and honey with streets paved with gold but Coronado could not find it. The Kansas Nebraska state line is on the fortieth parallel of latitude. Coronado used a sextant and sailed the prairies as one would sail a ship across the ocean to what he says was the fortieth parallel of latitude (now part of our Nebraska Kansas state line GPS coordinates). The Indians that lived on the Nebraska Kansas state line were Pawnee Indians and wore a headdresses similar to a Turkish headdress. That is the type of headdress Coronado said he saw when he was at the Nebraska and Kansas state line. At another place in Coronado's write up, he said that he stood on a high hill top and looked down on a very very very great river (Maybe this was looking down from a high bluff on the Missouri River near White Cloud, Kansas and where our Nebraska Kansas state line starts). Each person pushes for there own favored location for the Land of Quivera. This search for such a mythical land has been the inspiration to everyone. Maybe these three state line areas are in the Land of Quivera.
Could the Falls City, Richardson County, Nebraska and Hiawatha, Brown County, Kansas areas be where Coronado arrived at when searching for the land of Quivera? Where did Coronado visited in 1541 searching for the Land of Quivera? The description of the vegetation and land match Nebraska and Kansas state line, but no one knows where it was? This mythical land is reported to be the land of milk and honey with streets paved with gold but Coronado could not find it. The Kansas Nebraska state line is on the fortieth parallel of latitude. Coronado used a sextant and sailed the prairies as one would sail a ship across the ocean to what he says was the fortieth parallel of latitude (now part of our Nebraska Kansas state line GPS coordinates). The Indians that lived on the Nebraska Kansas state line were Pawnee Indians and wore a headdresses similar to a Turkish headdress. That is the type of headdress Coronado said he saw when he was at the Nebraska and Kansas state line. At another place in Coronado's write up, he said that he stood on a high hill top and looked down on a very very very great river (Maybe this was looking down from a high bluff on the Missouri River near White Cloud, Kansas and where our Nebraska Kansas state line starts). Each person pushes for there own favored location for the Land of Quivera. This search for such a mythical land has been the inspiration to everyone. Maybe these three state line areas are in the Land of Quivera.
Louisiana Purchase
Year 1803 - Louisiana Purchase
City of New Orleans was founded in 1727. On 1760 the British conquered Canada. On November 3, 1762 France ceded the Territory of Louisiana to the King of Spain. On September 3, 1883 a Peace Treaty was signed between the British and the United States giving rights to the United States of all land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from a line from the great lakes to the 31st parallel to the Atlantic ocean, then South to the Southern border of Georgia. On October 1, 1800 the King of Spain ceded the Territory of Louisiana back to Napoleon of France.
The United States purchased the Territory of Louisiana on April 30, 1803 from Napoleon of France and called it the "Louisiana Purchase". The Louisiana Purchase extended from the West bank of the Mississippi River to parts of land along the Pacific Coast. It included land that would make up many states and parts of other states. It doubled the size of the United States. The City of New Orleans, the Rocky Mountains, the entire valley of the Missouri River, the entire states of Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa and others were included in this purchase. It included a 60,000 non-native population which half were slaves.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Year 1804 - Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 Notes
The Lewis and Clark Expedition refers to the above Expedition Notes source. The Expedition Notes on July 12, 1804 has GPS latitude 39°55´56"recorded by Lewis- as they explored the mouth of the Nemaha River and the Nemaha River bottoms. At the mouth of the Nemaha River, there is a Sand Stone cliff (I have seen it, but Clark's name is missing). That is the place where Clark says he carved his name and date next to an Indian carving of an animal and boat.(None of this exists today). At this location on the Missouri River in 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition held a court martial for a soldier sleeping on sentry duty and sentenced him to one hundred lashes on his bare back at four different times starting in the evening for four evenings. How punishment has changed.
On August 3, 1803 Lewis and Clark discussed with the Indians at the Council bluff meeting, how long it would take to travel to a Spanish city (most likely Santa Fe). Lewis recorded: the Latitude of Council bluff is in 41° 17' north Latitude on this date.
Lewis sailed the Missouri River with a Sextant just as one would sail the ocean. Lewis recorded his GPS coordinates each day. Clark has two write-up's for each day. The first are his notes and the second is his write-up for the book that was published. You can put in other dates by going to the web site above. July 10, 1804 brings up the a write-up for the day they arrived at what is now the Nebraska - Kansas state line. Other members of the Expedition also have notes. Floyd was the only member of the Expedition to die. He died at what is now Sioux City, Iowa of what is believed was appendicitis. York the slave owned by Clark was along with Clark on this expedition.
Lewis sailed the Missouri River with a Sextant just as one would sail the ocean. Lewis recorded his GPS coordinates each day. Clark has two write-up's for each day. The first are his notes and the second is his write-up for the book that was published. You can put in other dates by going to the web site above. July 10, 1804 brings up the a write-up for the day they arrived at what is now the Nebraska - Kansas state line. Other members of the Expedition also have notes. Floyd was the only member of the Expedition to die. He died at what is now Sioux City, Iowa of what is believed was appendicitis. York the slave owned by Clark was along with Clark on this expedition.
Slavery
Slavery
at
at
the mouth of the Nemaha River
the mouth of the Nemaha River
in
in
Nebraska
Nebraska
Clark had a slave named York that he took with him on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Lewis and Clark Expedition camped on what is now the mouth of the Nemaha River on the Missouri River in Nebraska on July 12, 1804 with Clark's slave York also camping there.
Clark had a slave named York that he took with him on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The Lewis and Clark Expedition camped on what is now the mouth of the Nemaha River on the Missouri River in Nebraska on July 12, 1804 with Clark's slave York also camping there.
York asked for his freedom at the end of the Lewis and Clark Expedition but was denied. York's wife was owned as a slave by another man in another town. York then ask Clark if he could move to that town and send Clark the money he would earn each month. York was again denied this.
The Louisiana Purchase on April 30, 1803 from Napoleon of France by the United States included a 60,000 non-native population which half were slaves.
The Underground Railroad
Year 1857 to 1861 - Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was a term used for smuggling slaves in "Bleeding Kansas" from 1857 to 1861. It was a trail (marked with rock piles known as Lane's chimneys) built by Gereral James H. Lane and called Lane's Road. Lane's Road followed several paths with one passing through Padonia to Falls City and another passing through Albany, Kansas to Salem, Nebraska. Lane's Road ran from Lawrence, Kansas through Padonia, Brown County, Kansas, then near or over Pony Creek, then through the Falls City underground railroad in Richardson County, Nebraska to Nebraska City. The name of the street that the highway takes through Falls City is now called Lane Street. In some writeups, it states that James Lane lived at Falls City, Nebraska part of the time that the underground railroad activity was going on.
"Bleeding Kansas" was a dangerous place. John Brown personally used this Underground Railroad to smuggle slaves to freedom by taking them through the Brown County area to Falls City, Nebraska (Slavery in Nebraska) where he hid slaves on the Underground Railroad (one then would go through Padonia to get to Falls City). John Brown sparked the American Civil War by his actions in other parts of the United States and was hung for this. He is considered by some to be a heroic martyr and one of the more important people in American history because he give his life for freedom of the slaves by actions which he intentionally took to free the slaves. Others consider John Brown a terrorist.
A song about John Brown called "John Brown's Body" with words:
John Brown's body lies a moldering in the grave,
Battle of the Spurs
The so-called Battle of the Spurs confrontation took place about 7 miles South of Hiawatha, Brown County, Kansas, (half way between Hiawatha and Horton, Kansas) in the winter on January 31, 1859. Abolitionist John Brown, together with J. H. Kagi and Aaron Dwight Stevens, was escorting a group of escaped men and women slaves from Missouri for a total of about 21 people. As they were about to cross Straight Creek, they saw a posse of men ahead of them. John Brown with his group of slaves rode across Straight Creek directly at the posse who allowed them to pass without the posse raising a rifle or firing a shot.
Kiene, L. L. (1903–1904). "Battle of the Spurs and John Brown's Exit from Kansas". Kansas History. Vol. 8. pp. 443–449. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
This was written up in a Kansas History Book and is now online. During the Civil War, 150 Confederate Troops crossed the Missouri River at Rulo, Nebraska. The 150 Confederate Troops divided near FAlls City, Nebraska. Half went to Salem, Nebraska and sacked Salem. Then escaped back to Missouri.
The other half went South to Padonia, Kansas. Where the Battle of Padonia occurred. Someone signaled the people at Padonia that the Confederate Troops were coming. The Confederate Troops were unaware this, stopped at a Padonia farm, took it over and butchered a hog to eat. The people of Padonia surrounded the farm and force the Confederate Troops to surrender. They took the guns and horses of Confederate Troops. Marched them to the Missouri River and forced the Confederate Troops to swim back to Missouri.
The Battle of the Spurs
This slavery confrontation occurred about half way between Hiawatha and Horton Kansas on January 31, 1859.
Additional content
History surrounding the area where the Stephen Picton Family settled had some adventure and violence. Could Coronado have come here in 1541 searching for the Land of Quivera? The Lewis and Clark Expedition came up the Missouri River in the 1804-1806 time frame. The Underground Railroad for smuggling slaves in "Bleeding Kansas" from 1857 to 1861, was a trail (marked with rock piles known as Lane's chimneys) built by Gereral James H. Lane and called Lane's Road. Lane's Road followed several paths with one passing through Padonia to Falls City and another passing through Albany, Kansas to Salem, Nebraska. Lane's Road ran from Lawrence, Kansas through Padonia, Brown County, Kansas, then near or over Pony Creek, then through the Falls City underground railroad in Richardson County, Nebraska to Nebraska City. The name of the street that the highway takes through Falls City is now called Lane Street. "Bleeding Kansas" was a dangerous place. John Brown personally used this Underground Railroad to smuggle slaves to freedom by taking them through the Brown County area to Falls City, Nebraska (Slavery in Nebraska) where he hid slaves on the Underground Railroad (one then would go through Padonia to get to Falls City). John Brown sparked the American Civil War by his actions in other parts of the United States and was hung for this. He is considered by some to be a heroic martyr and one of the more important people in American history because he give his life for freedom of the slaves by actions which he intentionally took to free the slaves. Others consider John Brown a terrorist. Abraham Lincoln gave a two hour campaign speech in 1859 at Troy, Kansas (about 25 miles away) when he was running for President of the United States. At this time, John Brown was executed while Abraham Lincoln was visiting Kansas. The Pony Express went through the area in 1860-1861. There was a Pony Express station every 10 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri and the route passing somewhere near Hiawatha toward the Pony Express Station of Rock Creek Station near Fairbury, Nebraska (a distance of about 100 miles). Could Pony Creek between Padonia and Falls City have been given its name by its relationship to the Pony Express? Wild Bill Hickok (a famous character of the Wild West) at the Rock Creek Station was reported to have shot three men to death in 1861, just 9 years before Stephen Picton arrived. Padonia was the site of a bloodless Civil War skirmish called the Battle of Padonia. During the Civil War, Confederate Soldiers were captured in the Padonia area and there were problems in the Falls City and Salem area. Lawrence, Kansas of the underground railroad was the site of the Civil War Lawrence Massacre in 1863 where about 200 men and boys were massacre. Padonia is now just little more than a Ghost Town and is on a list of Kansas Ghost Towns.
History surrounding the area where the Stephen Picton Family settled had some adventure and violence. Could Coronado have come here in 1541 searching for the Land of Quivera? The Lewis and Clark Expedition came up the Missouri River in the 1804-1806 time frame. The Underground Railroad for smuggling slaves in "Bleeding Kansas" from 1857 to 1861, was a trail (marked with rock piles known as Lane's chimneys) built by Gereral James H. Lane and called Lane's Road. Lane's Road followed several paths with one passing through Padonia to Falls City and another passing through Albany, Kansas to Salem, Nebraska. Lane's Road ran from Lawrence, Kansas through Padonia, Brown County, Kansas, then near or over Pony Creek, then through the Falls City underground railroad in Richardson County, Nebraska to Nebraska City. The name of the street that the highway takes through Falls City is now called Lane Street. "Bleeding Kansas" was a dangerous place. John Brown personally used this Underground Railroad to smuggle slaves to freedom by taking them through the Brown County area to Falls City, Nebraska (Slavery in Nebraska) where he hid slaves on the Underground Railroad (one then would go through Padonia to get to Falls City). John Brown sparked the American Civil War by his actions in other parts of the United States and was hung for this. He is considered by some to be a heroic martyr and one of the more important people in American history because he give his life for freedom of the slaves by actions which he intentionally took to free the slaves. Others consider John Brown a terrorist. Abraham Lincoln gave a two hour campaign speech in 1859 at Troy, Kansas (about 25 miles away) when he was running for President of the United States. At this time, John Brown was executed while Abraham Lincoln was visiting Kansas. The Pony Express went through the area in 1860-1861. There was a Pony Express station every 10 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri and the route passing somewhere near Hiawatha toward the Pony Express Station of Rock Creek Station near Fairbury, Nebraska (a distance of about 100 miles). Could Pony Creek between Padonia and Falls City have been given its name by its relationship to the Pony Express? Wild Bill Hickok (a famous character of the Wild West) at the Rock Creek Station was reported to have shot three men to death in 1861, just 9 years before Stephen Picton arrived. Padonia was the site of a bloodless Civil War skirmish called the Battle of Padonia. During the Civil War, Confederate Soldiers were captured in the Padonia area and there were problems in the Falls City and Salem area. Lawrence, Kansas of the underground railroad was the site of the Civil War Lawrence Massacre in 1863 where about 200 men and boys were massacre. Padonia is now just little more than a Ghost Town and is on a list of Kansas Ghost Towns.
Other Welsh families in about 1867-1868 immigrated to nearby areas in Nebraska such as Rulo, Nebraska and Northeast of the Stella, Nebraska area. Additionally, the towns of Rulo and White Cloud are on the Missouri River, were river towns and the nearest stopping points for steamboat traffic. River towns were often considered to be a place of a lot of fights, drunkenness and not a very safe place. Also, White Cloud had an Indian Reservation. I am sure from 1870 to the time of the death of Jesse James in 1882, that Jesse James would go through this area, traveling to do various bank robberies. Some stories on other nearby Welsh immigration and settlements are related below. The Stephen Picton family immigrated in 1870.
Other Welsh families in about 1867-1868 immigrated to nearby areas in Nebraska such as Rulo, Nebraska and Northeast of the Stella, Nebraska area. Additionally, the towns of Rulo and White Cloud are on the Missouri River, were river towns and the nearest stopping points for steamboat traffic. River towns were often considered to be a place of a lot of fights, drunkenness and not a very safe place. Also, White Cloud had an Indian Reservation. I am sure from 1870 to the time of the death of Jesse James in 1882, that Jesse James would go through this area, traveling to do various bank robberies. Some stories on other nearby Welsh immigration and settlements are related below. The Stephen Picton family immigrated in 1870.
Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 Notes- as they explored the mouth of the Nemaha River and the Nemaha bottoms.
Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 Notes- as they explored the mouth of the Nemaha River and the Nemaha bottoms.
This is maybe 10 or 12 miles from where Stephen Picton settled when he came to America a little over 65 years later. I would guess that all the elk and buffalo had been killed off before Stephen Picton arrived. Roys Creek is a small creek on the lower (South) side referred to and where my Dad, Samuel Picton used to play when he grew up and where he learned to swim. The Padonia to White Cloud Road ran over Roys Creek at the time of Stephen Picton. There are still descendants of Stephen Picton farming near Roys Creek. Notice how Clark describes the land and vegetation in 1804. That describes the vegetation when Stephen Picton arrived and it is still the same now. At the mouth of the Nemaha River, there is Sand Stone cliff and that is the place where Clark says he carved his name and date (his name and date do not exist today). At that location on the Missouri River in 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition held a court martial for a soldier sleeping on sentry duty and sentenced him to one hundred lashes on his bare back at four different times starting in the evening for four evenings. How punishment has changed.
This is maybe 10 or 12 miles from where Stephen Picton settled when he came to America a little over 65 years later. I would guess that all the elk and buffalo had been killed off before Stephen Picton arrived. Roys Creek is a small creek on the lower (South) side referred to and where my Dad, Samuel Picton used to play when he grew up and where he learned to swim. The Padonia to White Cloud Road ran over Roys Creek at the time of Stephen Picton. There are still descendants of Stephen Picton farming near Roys Creek. Notice how Clark describes the land and vegetation in 1804. That describes the vegetation when Stephen Picton arrived and it is still the same now. At the mouth of the Nemaha River, there is Sand Stone cliff and that is the place where Clark says he carved his name and date (his name and date do not exist today). At that location on the Missouri River in 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition held a court martial for a soldier sleeping on sentry duty and sentenced him to one hundred lashes on his bare back at four different times starting in the evening for four evenings. How punishment has changed.
Lewis sailed the Missouri River with a Sextant just as one would sail the ocean. Clark has two writeup's for each day. The first are his notes and the second is his writeup for the book that was published. You can put in other dates by going to the web site above. July 10, 1804 brings up the a writeup for the day they arrived at what is now the Nebraska - Kansas state line. Other members of the Expedition also have notes. Floyd was the only member of the Expedition to die. He died at what is now Sioux City, Iowa of what is believed was appendicitis.
Lewis sailed the Missouri River with a Sextant just as one would sail the ocean. Clark has two writeup's for each day. The first are his notes and the second is his writeup for the book that was published. You can put in other dates by going to the web site above. July 10, 1804 brings up the a writeup for the day they arrived at what is now the Nebraska - Kansas state line. Other members of the Expedition also have notes. Floyd was the only member of the Expedition to die. He died at what is now Sioux City, Iowa of what is believed was appendicitis.
William G. Cutler's History of the State of Kansas - published in 1883- Coronado Exploration in 1541 and the search for the Land of Quivera (Mythical Cities of Gold)
William G. Cutler's History of the State of Kansas - published in 1883- Coronado Exploration in 1541 and the search for the Land of Quivera (Mythical Cities of Gold)
Andreas' History of the State of Nebraska - published in 1882- Coronado Exploration in 1541 and the search for Quivera.
Andreas' History of the State of Nebraska - published in 1882- Coronado Exploration in 1541 and the search for Quivera.
After nearly three years the highly disappointed expedition returned south to Mexico City, its point of origin, in 1542. The people who made up the expedition fell into three main groups:
As late as November 1815, York still lived in Louisville and was still enslaved by Clark, according to Millner. He was apparently working as a wagon driver, sending the profits to Clark in...
References
References
Weiser, Kathy (2018). "Battle of the Spurs, Kansas". Legends of America. Archived from the original on 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
Kiene, L. L. (1903–1904). "Battle of the Spurs and John Brown's Exit from Kansas". Kansas History. Vol. 8. pp. 443–449. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
Kiene, L. L. (1903–1904). "Battle of the Spurs and John Brown's Exit from Kansas". Kansas History. Vol. 8. pp. 443–449. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
The founding of Padonia consisted of ten Welsh families.
The founding of Padonia consisted of ten Welsh families.
HI,
Are you aware of during the Civil War that 150 Confederate Troops crossed the Missouri River at Rulo, and they divided the troops near FAlls City. Half went to Salem and sacked Salem. Half went South to Padonia. Where the Battle of Padonia occurred. This was written up in a Kansas History Book and is on line.
John Brown
The song about John Brown called "John Brown's Body" with words:
John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave,
web page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body
Owen Picton
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